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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean CLKs' awareness and ability to draw on relational affordances as well as learner-internal elements, were important. Researchers from TS & ZL for instance were able to cite their relationships with their local professors as a major factor in their pragmatic decision to avoid criticising a strict prof (see example 2). This article examines all local pragmatic research on Korean published up to 2020. It focuses on pragmatic important topics such as: Discourse Construction Tests The test for discourse completion is a popular tool in pragmatic research. It has many strengths, but it also has some disadvantages. The DCT, for example, is unable to account for cultural and individual differences. The DCT can also be biased and result in overgeneralizations. As a result, it must be carefully analyzed before it is used for research or for assessment purposes. Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a useful tool to investigate the connection between prosody, information structure and non-native speakers. The ability of the DCT in two or more stages to influence the social variables that are related to politeness could be a benefit. This characteristic can be utilized to study the effect of prosody across cultural contexts. In the field linguistics, DCT is one of the most effective tools to study the behavior of communication learners. It can be used to study various issues, including manner of speaking, turn-taking, and lexical choices. It can also be used to assess the phonological complexity of learners' speech. Recent research utilized a DCT as a tool to assess the ability to resist of EFL students. Participants were presented with a range of scenarios to choose from, and then asked to choose the appropriate response. The authors found the DCT to be more effective than other refusal methods like a questionnaire or video recordings. However, the researchers cautioned that the DCT should be employed with caution and include other types of data collection methods. DCTs are usually created with specific linguistic requirements in mind, such as the content and the form. These criteria are based on intuition and is based on the assumptions made by the test designers. They are not always accurate and may misrepresent the way ELF learners actually respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for more research on alternative methods of testing refusal competence. A recent study has compared DCT responses to requests made by students via email versus those obtained from an oral DCT. The results showed that the DCT promoted more direct and conventionally indirect request forms and made a less frequent use of hints than email data did. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study investigated Chinese learners' pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used various experimental tools including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. The participants were 46 CLKs of upper intermediate level who answered MQs, DCTs and RIs. They were also asked for reflections on their opinions and refusals in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs often chose to resist native Korean pragmatic norms. Their choices were influenced primarily by four factors: their personalities and multilingual identities, their current life experiences and their relational affordances. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching. The MQ data was analyzed first to determine the participants' actual choices. The data was classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the choices were compared with their linguistic performance in the DCTs to determine if they showed a pattern of resistance to pragmatics or not. Additionally, the participants were asked to justify their decision to use pragmatic language in a particular scenario. The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were examined using descriptive statistics and z tests. It was found that CLKs often resorted to euphemistic responses such as “sorry” and “thank you.” This was likely due to their lack of experience with the target language which led to an insufficient knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preferences for converging to L1 norms or departing from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms differed based on the DCT situations. In situations 3 and 12 CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms – and L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 CLKs favored convergence to L1 norms. The RIs further revealed that the CLKs were aware of their pragmatic resistance in each DCT situation. RIs were conducted on a one-to-one basis within two days of participants completing the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, then coded by two independent coders. The coding was an iterative process in which the coders discussed and read each transcript. The results of the coding process were contrasted with the original RI transcripts, which provided an indication of how well the RIs accurately portrayed the core behaviors. Interviews with Refusal The central question in pragmatic research is: why do some learners decide to not accept native-speaker norms? Recent research sought to answer this question with various experimental tools, including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants were comprised of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. Participants were required to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or L2 levels. Then, they were invited to attend a RI where they were asked to reflect on their responses to the DCT situations. The results showed that, on average, the CLKs resisted the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their answers. They did this even though they were able to produce patterns that resembled native speakers. They were also aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their choices to learner-internal factors like their personalities and identities that are multilingual, as well as ongoing lives. They also mentioned external factors, such as relationships and advantages. For instance, they outlined how their relationships with professors led to more relaxed performance with respect to the intercultural and linguistic standards of their university. However, the interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures and consequences that they might face if they flouted the local social norms. They were concerned that their native interactants might consider them “foreigners” and believe they are incompetent. This worry was similar to the one expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These results suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are no longer the default preference of Korean learners. They could still be useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. 프라그마틱 슬롯 should reconsider the validity of these tests in various cultural contexts and in specific situations. This will allow them to better understand how different cultural environments could affect the practical behavior of students in the classroom and beyond. This will also help educators improve their methods of teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor to Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consultancy based in Seoul. Case Studies The case study method is an investigative technique that relies on participant-centered, deep investigations to explore a specific subject. This method uses numerous sources of information including documents, interviews, and observations, to confirm its findings. This type of investigation can be used to analyze complicated or unique issues that are difficult to other methods to assess. In a case study the first step is to clearly define the subject and the objectives of the study. This will help determine which aspects of the subject are important for investigation and which ones can be omitted. It is also beneficial to read the literature on to the subject to gain a greater knowledge of the subject and place the case study within a wider theoretical framework. This study was based on an open source platform that is the KMMLU leaderboard [50], and its Korean-specific benchmarks, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the test revealed that L2 Korean students were extremely vulnerable to native models. They tended to choose wrong answer choices, which were literal interpretations. This was a deviance from a precise pragmatic inference. They also had an unnatural tendency to include their own text, or “garbage,” to their responses, further reducing their quality of response. The participants in this study were all L2 Korean students who had reached level four on the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their second or third university year and were aiming to reach level six by their next attempt. They were questioned about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness and understanding and their knowledge of the world. Interviewees were presented with two hypothetical situations involving an interaction with their interlocutors and asked to select one of the strategies below to use when making a demand. The interviewees were then asked to justify their choice. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatist opposition to their personality. TS for instance stated that she was difficult to get along with and was hesitant to inquire about her interlocutor's well-being when they had a heavy work load, even though she believed native Koreans would.